9/11 Related Cancers and Illnesses
What Are the Most Common 9/11 Cancer Types and Illnesses?
The World Trade Center Health Program conducts much of the research in the area of 9/11-related cancers. They focus research on identifying biomarkers of exposure, determining the risk factors, and making improvements in diagnosis and treatment. They not only support cancer research, but they provide health care and monitoring for those individuals affected by the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
As of 2026, the WTC Health Program enrolled and provided care for over 145,000 responders and survivors. Of those enrolled in the program, over 55,000 are cancer patients.
The 12 most common cancers in the WTC Health Program are:
In both first responders and survivors, the rate of prostate and skin melanoma was the same. First responders developed a higher incidence of thyroid cancer. Survivors had a higher incidence of both breast cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
The top three cancers for responders included:
- Non-melanoma skin
- Prostate
- Melanoma skin
The top three cancers for survivors included:
- Prostate
- Breast
- Non-melanoma skin
Patients with 9/11-related cancer can enroll in the WTC Health Program to become eligible for a lifetime of healthcare treatment for their cancer, as well as prescription benefits. The WTC Health Program offers multiple Clinical Centers of Excellence that can provide cancer treatment and benefits.
Common 9/11 Cancers & Illnesses:
Blood and Lymphoid
-
- Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
- Undifferentiated (diffuse)
- True histiocytic lymphoma
- T-zone lymphoma
- T-cell lymphomas, other and unspecified
- Subacute myeloid leukemia
- Subacute monocytic leukemia
- Subacute lymphocytic leukemia
- Subacute leukemia of unspecified cell type
- Small cleaved cell, follicular
- Small cleaved cell (diffuse)
- Small cell (diffuse)
- Sezary’s disease
- Prolymphocytic leukemia
- Plasmacytoma, extramedullary
- Plasma cell leukemia
- Peripheral T-cell lymphomas
- Peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
- Other types of follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Other types of diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Other monocytic leukemia
- Other malignant immunoproliferative diseases
- Other lymphoid leukemia
- Other leukemias of specified cell type
- Other leukemia of unspecified cell type
- Other Hodgkin’s disease
- Other and unspecified types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Other and unspecified lymphoid, hematopoietic, and related tissue
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, unspecified type
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, other unspecified
- Nodular sclerosis
- Myeloid sarcoma
- Myeloid leukemia, unspecified
- Myeloid leukemia, other
- Myeloid leukemia
- Mycosis fungoides
- Multiple myeloma
- Multiple myeloma and malignant plasma cell neoplasms
- Multifocal and multisystemic (disseminated) Langerhans-cell histiocytosis
- Monocytic leukemia, unspecified
- Monocytic leukemia
- Mast cell leukemia
- Malignant mast cell tumor
- Malignant immunoproliferative diseases
- Malignant immunoproliferative disease, unspecified
- Malignant histiocytosis
- Lymphosarcoma
- Lymphoma, unspecified
- Lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue, unspecified
- Lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue, other specified
- Lymphoid leukemia, unspecified
- Lymphoid leukemia
- Lymphoepithelioid lymphoma
- Lymphocytic predominance
- Lymphocytic depletion
- Lymphoblastic (diffuse)
- Leukemias, others specified
- Leukemia, unspecified
- Leukemia of unspecified cell type
- Large cell, follicular
- Large cell (diffuse)
- Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease
- Immunoblastic (diffuse)
- Hodgkin’s disease, unspecified
- Hodgkin’s disease
- Hairy-cell leukemia
- Gamma heavy chain disease
- Follicular non-Hodgkin
- Follicular (nodular) non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma, unspecified
- Diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Chronic myeloid leukemia
- Chronic monocytic leukemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Chronic leukemia of unspecified cell type
- Chronic erythremia
- Burkitt’s tumor
- B-cell lymphoma, unspecified
- Alpha heavy chain disease
- Adult T-cell leukemia
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia
- Acute panmyelosis
- Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Acute myelofibrosis
- Acute monocytic leukemia
- Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Acute leukemia of unspecified cell type
- Acute erythremia and erythroleukemia
Digestive System
- Upper third
- Transverse colon
- Thoracic part
- Stomach, unspecified
- Stomach
- Splenic flexure
- Specified parts of peritoneum
- Sigmoid colon
- Retroperitoneum and peritoneum
- Retroperitoneum
- Rectum
- Rectosigmoid junction
- Pylorus
- Pyloric antrum
- Peritoneum, unspecified
- Overlapping lesion of digestive system
- Overlapping lesion of colon
- Overlapping lesion
- Other specified carcinomas of liver
- Other sarcomas of liver
- Other and ill-defined digestive organs
- Middle third
- Lower third
- Liver, unspecified
- Liver cell carcinoma
- Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts
- Lesser curvature, unspecified
- Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
- Intestinal tract, part unspecified
- Ill-defined sites within the digestive system
- Hepatoblastoma
- Hepatic flexure
- Greater curvature, unspecified
- Fundus
- Esophagus, unspecified
- Esophagus
- Descending colon
- Colon, unspecified
- Colon
- Caecum
- Body Cardia
- Ascending colon
- Appendix
- Angiosarcoma of liver
- Abdominal part Cervical part
- Retina
- Overlapping lesion
- Orbit
- Lacrimal gland and duct
- Eye, unspecified
- Eye and Adnexa
- Cornea
- Conjunctiva
- Ciliary body
- Choroid
- Upper-outer quadrant
- Upper-inner quadrant
- Overlapping lesion
- Nipple and areola
- Lower-outer quadrant
- Lower-inner quadrant
- Central portion
- Breast
- Auxiliary tail Breast, unspecified
Female Reproductive Organs
- Ovary
Head and Neck
- Waldeyer’s ring
- Vestibule
- Ventral surface
- Vallecula
- Uvula
- Upper lip, inner aspect
- Upper
- Tonsillar pillar (anterior/posterior)
- Tonsillar fossa
- Tonsil, unspecified
- Tonsil
- Tongue, unspecified
- Supraglottis
- Superior wall
- Submandibular gland
- Sublingual gland
- Subglottis
- Sphenoidal
- Soft palate
- Retromolar area
- Posterior wall
- Postcricoid region
- Piriform sinus
- Pharynx, unspecified
- Parotid gland
- Palate, unspecified
- Palate
- Overlapping lesion of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx
- Overlapping lesion
- Other and unspecified parts of the tongue
- Other and unspecified part of the mouth
- Other and unspecified major salivary glands
- Other and ill-defined conditions in the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx
- Oropharynx, unspecified
- Oropharynx
- Nasopharynx, unspecified
- Nasopharynx
- Nasal cavity
- Mouth, unspecified
- Maxillary
- Major salivary gland, unspecified
- Lower lip, inner aspect
- Lower
- Lip, unspecified, inner aspect
- Lip, unspecified
- Lip
- Lingual tonsil
- Lateral wall
- Lateral
- Larynx, unspecified
- Larynx
- Laryngeal cartilage
- Hypopharynx, unspecified
- Hypopharynx
- Hard palate Overlapping lesion
- Gum, unspecified
- Gum
- Glottis
- Frontal
- Floor of mouth
- External upper lip
- External lower lip
- External lip, unspecified
- Ethmoidal
- Dorsal surface
- Commissure
- Cheek mucosa
- Branchial cleft
- Border
- Base of tongue
- Aryepiglottic fold, hypopharyngeal aspect
- Anterior wall
- Anterior two-thirds, part unspecified
- Anterior surface of epiglottis
- Anterior Floor, unspecified
- Accessory, unspecified
- Accessory sinuses
Respiratory System
- Upper respiratory tract, part unspecified
- Upper lobe, bronchus or lung
- Trachea
- Posterior mediastinum
- Pleura
- Overlapping lesion
- Other and ill-defined sites in the respiratory system and intrathoracic organs
- Middle lobe, bronchus or lung
- Mediastinum, part unspecified
- Main bronchus
- Lower lobe, bronchus or lung
- Ill-defined sites within the respiratory system
- Heart, mediastinum, and pleura
- Heart
- Bronchus or lung, unspecified
- Bronchus and lung
- Anterior mediastinum
- Skin (Melanoma and non-Melanoma)
Upper limb, including shoulder
- Trunk
- Skin, unspecified
- Scrotum
- Scalp and neck
- Overlapping malignant melanoma of skin
- Overlapping lesion
- Other malignant neoplasms of skin
- Other and unspecified parts of face
- Malignant melanoma of skin
- Lower limb, including hip
- Lip
- Eyelid, including canthus
- Ear and external auricular canal
- Upper limb, including shoulder
- Unspecified
- Trunk, unspecified
- Thorax
- Peripheral nerves and autonomic nervous system
- Pelvis
- Overlapping lesion
- Other connective and soft tissue
- Lower limb, including hip
- Head, face, and neck
- Abdomen
- Thyroid
- Thyroid gland
Urinary System
- Unspecified
- Pleura
- Peritoneum
- Pericardium
- Other sites
- Mesothelioma
This includes, but is not limited to, malignant neoplasms of the:
- Vulva, vagina, and cervix uteri (invasive only)
- Thymus
- Small intestine
- Placenta
- Uterus
- Penis and testis
- Pancreas
- Myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, and myeloid malignancies associated with eosinophilia and abnormalities of growth factor receptors derived from platelets or fibroblasts
- Meninges, brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and other parts of central nervous system
- Malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm, including carcinoid tumors
- Gallbladder and other parts of biliary tract
- Breast among men
- Bone and articular cartilage
- Anus and anal canal
- Adrenal gland and other endocrine glands and related structures
The Aerodigestive or Non-Cancerous Conditions
- Sleep apnea
- Sarcoidosis
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)
- Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS)
- Interstitial lung disease
- Asthma
- Chronic Rhinosinusitis
What Are the Differences Between the 9/11 Benefit Programs?
When you seek benefits and compensation from the two different 9/11 benefit programs, it is important to understand the differences between the two programs. The World Trade Center Health Program (WTC Health Program) provides free medical monitoring and a lifetime of healthcare for 9/11-related illnesses and cancers. It is not a financial compensation program. In comparison, the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund (VCF) is a compensation program — it provides for payment of compensation for many breathing and digestive illnesses, plus over 70 different types of cancers.
To obtain compensation from the VCF, your illness must be “certified” by the WTC Health Program as eligible for treatment — that the cancer or other illness was in fact linked to exposure to the 9/11 toxins that were in the air and water until the end of 2001 all the way through the middle of 2002. While you must take this step, obtaining WTC Health Program certification does not guarantee that you will receive VCF compensation.
Our Top Priority is Helping 9/11 Victims and Their Families
More than 35,000 people will develop a 9/11 cancer or illness over the next ten years. In the 25 years that have passed since 9/11, more than 100,000 people have applied for and received help for their 9/11-related illnesses and cancers. They received this help from two separate government programs: The World Trade Center Health Program and the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. These programs operate slightly differently, but together they seek to provide medical coverage and pay compensation to victims of 9/11 and their families.
When the Twin Towers fell, they exposed thousands of downtown area residents, workers, students, volunteers, and first responders to deadly and toxic chemicals and contaminants. In fact, scientists and researchers identified more than 2,500 contaminants in the air, including known carcinogens such as concrete dust, glass, asbestos, and fiberglass. Everyone in Lower Manhattan during this time breathed in these particles, exposing themselves to potentially deadly toxins. Now, many received diagnoses of serious and chronic breathing conditions, deadly cancers, and painful medical conditions.
If you were in Lower Manhattan or anywhere near Ground Zero on 9/11 or at any time during the many months afterwards and you were diagnosed with an illness or cancer at any time, you may be eligible to be paid substantial compensation and receive lifetime medical benefits. However, determining eligibility can be difficult. That is why you need an experienced 9/11 attorney on your side from the start.
Understanding 9/11 Illnesses and It's Impact on Downtown Workers and Residents
The majority of the members in the WTC Health Program and the VCF are responders, though the area contained more than 300,000 downtown area residents, workers, and students compared to 90,000 responders. In fact, of the program’s 145,000 members, only 38 percent are survivors — the residents, workers, and students.
Why? There is a general lack of awareness in the survivor community that since they breathed the same toxic air and have the same breathing conditions and the same cancers as the first responders, they too qualify for free lifetime healthcare and compensation.
Most survivors in the area do not realize that they can receive help and potential compensation because of their general proximity to the World Trade Centers during 9/11.
The responders and survivors present when the Twin Towers fell were exposed to many dangerous chemicals and carcinogens. Some of those included asbestos, silica, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, and heavy metals. Every person in lower Manhattan on 9/11 or at any time during the year after suffering exposure to hundreds of carcinogens. Years later, the Victim Compensation Fund Claim still gets inundated with claims.
In addition, those responsible for the cleanup, including those who joined the Bucket Brigade, experienced long-term exposure to those carcinogens.
- In 2011, studies reported a modest increase in cancer for New York City firefighters involved in the World Trade Center attacks.
- In 2013, a study showed a large increase in cancer in first responders between 2001 and 2008.
- In 2016, a study showed a direct increase in the number and types of cancer for both responders and survivors. First responders and downtown residents, workers, and students developed cancer at a much higher rate than the rest of the non-exposed population.
- In 2020, a study focused on the 29,000 members of the WTC Health Program known as the General Responder Cohort. This group contains mostly police and recovery workers. The data in the study showed that responders had more than double the risk of getting thyroid cancer. The risk of getting leukemia was 41 percent higher and the risk of prostate cancer was 25 percent higher.
What You Should Know Post 9/11 About Cancer and Illnesses
Did you know:
Your presence in Lower Manhattan after 9/11 could increase your risk of developing cancer or other chronic illnesses.You do not need to prove that 9/11 caused your illness or cancer. You simply need to establish your presence in the Exposure Zone during the months after 9/11. The VCF exposure zone only includes the area of Lower Manhattan south of Canal Street/East Broadway/Clinton Street, plus the routes where the debris was transported or handled, including where any equipment was cleaned, the NYC Medical Examiner’s office, and Fresh Kills.
While this seems easy and straightforward, obtaining the benefits you deserve requires skilled legal representation.
At Hansen & Rosasco, LLP, our 9/11 attorneys know how to help survivors, responders, and families who suffered after 9/11 because it is all we do. Our law firm provides skilled legal support and guidance through the legal process.
Do you know where you were when the Twin Towers fell? What about in the months or years that followed?
If you were in Lower Manhattan or anywhere near Ground Zero on 9/11 or at any time during the many months afterward and suffered from a chronic illness or cancer at any time in the years that followed, you may receive substantial compensation and a lifetime of medical benefits. Determining eligibility is difficult, however. That is why you need an experienced 9/11 attorney on your side from the start.
YOU GAVE ALL AND YOU DESERVE HELP NOW
After 9/11 many first responders including police officers and firefighters rushed to the scene to rescue victims, put out fires, and protect the citizens of New York. Now, those first responders suffer from a variety of chronic and terminal illnesses, such as stage four cancer.
In the days following the attacks, construction workers, EMTs, truck drivers, and volunteers removed debris from the wreckage, cleaned up the streets, transported toxic waste, and cleaned up the city. They too now suffer from life-threatening cancers and chronic disabling breathing conditions.
On September 11, 2001, and in the months following, students, residents, and workers in Lower Manhattan kept the economy afloat. They went back to work, studied, and lived in the toxic soup area below Canal Street in Lower Manhattan. They helped New York get back on its feet in more ways than they realize. They’re heroes, too. Now, they also suffer from a wide range of chronic disabling breathing conditions, long-term illnesses, and cancers.
You helped New York during the tragedy of 9/11, maybe more than you know. Now it is your turn to receive help. Contact 9/11 attorneys at Hansen & Rosasco, LLP today to begin collecting the medical benefits and compensation you deserve.
“A couple guys in my union referred me to them and I’m so happy they did. They took care of me and all my paper work. Got my witness done. Filled my health program app so now I can get free health care. Got me my award settlement. All while being incredibly knowledgeable, patient and kind.” -Frank C.


